Translation guide
The English word 'precise' can describe exact measurements, clear details, careful actions, or strict accuracy. In Japanese, different words and patterns are used depending on whether you mean numerically exact, clearly detailed, meticulously careful, or strictly accurate.
Describing a number, time, amount, or measurement that is exact and not approximate.
The most common and versatile adjective for 'precise' in the sense of being accurate and free from error. Used for numbers, measurements, clocks, etc.
この時計はとても正確だ。
This clock is very precise.
Please tell me the precise number.
Emphasizes high precision, often used for instruments, machinery, or technical measurements. Slightly more formal/technical than 正確.
精密な測定が必要だ。
Precise measurement is necessary.
An adverb meaning 'exactly' or 'precisely' when something fits or matches perfectly. Often used for amounts, sizes, or times.
ぴったり1000円だった。
It was precisely 1000 yen.
Describing instructions, descriptions, or explanations that are clear, specific, and leave no ambiguity.
Means 'clear and definite'. Best for precise instructions, definitions, or criteria.
明確な指示を出してください。
Please give precise instructions.
彼の説明は明確だった。
His explanation was precise.
Means 'rigorous' or 'strictly precise'. Used when exactness is demanded, often in academic or legal contexts.
厳密な定義が必要だ。
A precise definition is needed.
Describing a person or action that is very careful, exact, and attentive to detail.
Describes a person who is methodical, meticulous, and pays attention to detail. Often used for personality traits.
彼女は几帳面な性格だ。
She has a precise personality.
几帳面にメモを取る。
Take notes in a precise manner.
Literally 'fine' or 'detailed'. Can mean precise when referring to careful attention to small details, but can also imply being picky.
Can sometimes mean 'trivial' or 'stingy' depending on context.
Means 'careful' or 'polite'. When used for work, it implies doing something with great care and precision.
丁寧な仕事ぶりだ。
His work is precise and careful.
Emphasizing that something must be exactly right, with no tolerance for mistakes.
Means 'strict' or 'rigid'. Used for rules, standards, or criteria that are precisely enforced.
厳格な基準を満たす必要がある。
It must meet precise standards.
正確 (seikaku) is general accuracy; 精密 (seimitsu) is high technical precision; 明確 (meikaku) is clarity and definiteness. Choose based on whether you emphasize correctness, fineness, or clarity.
English 'precise' is often used where Japanese would use a more specific word. For example, 'precise instructions' is 明確な指示, not 正確な指示 (which sounds like 'accurate instructions'). Match the nuance to the context.
彼は細かい作業が得意だ。
He is good at precise work.