Translation guide
The English word "rack" has many distinct meanings. This guide covers the most common ones useful for learners: a frame for holding things, a shelf/luggage rack, a torture device, and the phrase "rack one's brains." Other meanings (e.g., a cut of meat, a gait) are rare or technical and omitted.
A framework, stand, or set of bars for holding, hanging, or displaying objects (e.g., wine rack, bike rack, coat rack).
The most common and versatile loanword. Used for many types of racks, especially in modern contexts.
I bought a wine rack.
A spice rack is handy.
General word for shelf or rack. Often used in compounds or when the rack is shelf-like.
Used in compounds for hanging racks (e.g., coat rack, towel rack). Often combined with the item being hung.
I hung my coat on the coat rack.
The shelf above seats in trains, buses, or airplanes for storing bags.
A historical instrument of torture that stretches the body.
To think very hard or struggle to remember something.
Literally 'to wring one's head'. The most common equivalent.
I racked my brains to come up with a good idea.
Literally 'to wring one's wisdom'. Similar nuance, often for problem-solving.
Means 'to think through thoroughly'. Less vivid but conveys deep thinking.
The English 'rack' as in 'I racked my knee' (to injure) has no direct Japanese equivalent. Use 膝を痛めた (I hurt my knee) or similar.
I racked my knee.
ラック is a loanword and feels modern, often used for metal/wire racks or specific products (ワインラック, スパイスラック). 棚 is a native Japanese word for any shelf or rack, more traditional and broader. Use ラック for modern, specialized racks; 棚 for general shelves or when unsure.
A rack appears in that game.
We all racked our brains to think of a solution.
He racked his brains all night.