Translation guide
The English word "repercussions" refers to the indirect, often negative consequences of an action or event. In Japanese, this concept is expressed through several nouns and phrases that emphasize aftereffects, echoes, or ripple effects. The most common and versatile term is 影響 (eikyō), though it is broader than "repercussions." For stronger negative nuance, 余波 (yoha) or 反響 (hankyō) are used. This guide helps learners choose the right expression based on context and nuance.
Expressing the indirect, often negative results of an action or event, especially those that unfold over time.
The most general term for 'influence' or 'effect.' It can be neutral, positive, or negative, but in context it often implies repercussions. Use with adjectives like 悪い (warui) to specify negative impact.
That decision had a negative impact on the economy.
The repercussions of his actions are still ongoing.
Literally 'afterwaves' or 'aftershocks.' Used for repercussions that spread out from an event, often in social, political, or economic contexts. Stronger negative nuance than 影響.
The repercussions of the financial crisis spread worldwide.
The company went bankrupt due to the repercussions of the scandal.
Literally 'echo' or 'reverberation.' Often used for public reaction or repercussions in media and society. Can be neutral or negative depending on context.
That remark caused a huge repercussion (public reaction).
The repercussions of the policy change were greater than expected.
Specifically 'side effect,' often used for unintended negative consequences of actions, similar to 'repercussions' in a cause-and-effect sense. Common in medical, technical, or metaphorical contexts.
The reform produced unexpected repercussions.
Describing how one event sets off a series of indirect consequences, often spreading through a system.
Focusing on the personal or direct negative outcomes that someone must deal with as a result of their actions.
Often translated as 'retribution' or 'payback.' Implies a moral or karmic repercussion for one's deeds. Can be used in serious or dramatic contexts.
He faced the repercussions of his actions.
Colloquial term meaning 'the bill' or 'the price to pay.' Used informally to refer to negative repercussions that eventually come due.
影響 (eikyō) is the broadest term for 'effect' and can be used in almost any context, but it lacks the specific nuance of indirect or spreading consequences. 余波 (yoha) emphasizes the spreading, wave-like nature of repercussions, often after a major event. 反響 (hankyō) focuses on the 'echo' or public reaction, making it ideal for media or social repercussions. Choose 影響 for general use, 余波 for ripple effects, and 反響 for public response.
There is no single Japanese word that perfectly matches 'repercussions' in all contexts. Avoid trying to translate it directly with obscure terms. Instead, identify the specific nuance (negative effect, ripple effect, public reaction) and use the appropriate word or phrase.
Literally 'chain reaction.' Emphasizes a sequence of events where one triggers the next. Often used in technical or figurative senses.
That failure triggered a chain reaction of repercussions.
The repercussions of overdoing it are catching up with me now.