ripple effect; spillover effect
Refers to the indirect or secondary effects of an event or action, spreading outward like ripples. Common in economics, social sciences, and general discussion of consequences.
The ripple effect of that policy was greater than expected.
The bankruptcy of the large corporation had a spillover effect on the local economy.
連鎖反応 (chain reaction) emphasizes a direct sequence of events triggering each other, while 波及効果 focuses on the broader, often indirect spread of effects.
副作用 (side effect) usually implies an unintended or negative consequence, whereas 波及効果 is neutral and can be positive or negative.
economic ripple effect
Compound of 波及 (ripple, spread) and 効果 (effect). The term is a modern yojijukugo used primarily in technical and formal contexts.