及
reach out, exert, exercise, cause
Readings
On'yomi
- キュウ
Kun'yomi
- およ.ぶ
- およ.び
- および
- およ.ぼす
Nanori
- おい
- の
Meaning
及 centers on extending influence or action outward: reaching out to affect something, exerting effort, exercising power, or causing an effect.
Most common words using 及
20 of 78- 及びおよびN1
and; as well as
- 普及ふきゅうN2
diffusion; spread; popularization; promulgation; familiarization
- 及ぶおよぶN2
to reach; to amount to; to befall; to happen to; to extend; to go on (for, until)
- 言及げんきゅう
reference; allusion
- 及ぼすおよぼすN3
to exert (influence); to exercise; to cause (e.g. damage); to do (e.g. harm); to bring about (e.g. benefits); to extend; to have an effect (on)
- 追及ついきゅうN1
investigation (e.g. into someone's guilt); questioning; pressing; hounding; pinning down
- 波及はきゅう
spread; extension; influence; aftereffect; ripple
- 及第きゅうだい
passing (an examination); making the grade
- 遡及そきゅう
retroactivity; retroaction; being retroactive (to)
- 及び腰およびごし
bent back
- 可及的かきゅうてき
as ... as possible
- 普及率ふきゅうりつN2
diffusion rate; rate of spread
- お礼には及びませんおれいにはおよびません
it's nothing; don't mention it; no thanks necessary
- この期に及んでこのごにおよんで
at this point; at this last moment; this late in the game
- には及ばないにはおよばない
there is no need to; it is fine if you don't; unnecessary
- ハイパメディア及び時間依存情報の構造化言語ハイパメディアおよびじかんいぞんじょうほうのこうぞうかげんご
Hypermedia; Time-based Structuring Language; HyTime
- 一二に及ばずいちににおよばず
right away; without waiting around
- 不遡及ふそきゅう
non-retroactivity
- 企及ききゅう
attempt
- 出入国管理及び難民認定法しゅつにゅうこくかんりおよびなんみんにんていほう
Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act
Study
Etymology
及 is thought to depict a hand reaching toward a person, conveying the idea of reaching or extending to affect something. The exact historical development is uncertain.
Meaning mnemonic
The shape suggests a hand stretching out to grasp something: 及 is about reaching out to exert influence or cause an effect.
Reading mnemonic
For キュウ, imagine reaching out to grab a cute little animal: cute -> キュウ, and your hand extends to catch it.