及および

お

よ

び

Common wordJLPTN1Freq.FrequencyTop 2,000

Meanings

1

Formal conjunction used to connect nouns or noun phrases, similar to と but more common in written or formal contexts.

出しゅっ

席せき

し

た

。

The president and the department heads attended the meeting.

申もうし込こみ書しょ及および必ひつ要よう書しょ類るいをご提てい出しゅつください。

Please submit the application form and the required documents.

〈物もの〉及および〈物もの〉X and Y (formal listing of items)
氏し名めい及および住じゅう所しょを記き入にゅうしてください。
Please fill in your name and address.

とN1
と is the everyday, all-purpose conjunction for listing nouns, while 及び is a formal written equivalent used in official or legal contexts.
並ならびにN1
並びに is even more formal than 及び and typically joins larger or more significant items, often in legal or ceremonial text.
兼けん
及び is a general conjunction meaning "and," listing two separate items, while 兼 specifically shows that one person or thing holds both roles at once, as in 教師兼作家 (teacher and writer).
アンド
及び is a formal written 'and' used in official documents or legal-style lists, whereas ＆ appears in casual or commercial contexts like product names.

及およぶN2
及ぶ is a verb meaning 'to reach' or 'to extend to', while 及び is the unrelated conjunction meaning 'and'; learners can confuse them because they share the same kanji.

及および腰ごし
bent back; half-sitting posture · indecisive attitude; timidity; lack of nerve
及および難がたい
hard to reach; difficult to attain
現げん金きん及および預よ金きん
cash on hand and in banks
逮たい捕

及およびUsage74%
Standard kanji spelling; high priority.
およびUsage25%
及およびUsage1%
irregular okurigana
Irregular okurigana usage; rarely used in modern writing.

Derived from the classical verb 及ぶ (およぶ, 'to reach, to extend to'), with the conjunctive form 及び used as a conjunction meaning 'and, as well as'.

ほ

及およ

び

監かん

禁きん

罪ざい

false arrest and imprisonment; illegal arrest and confinement

preparations or plots for private war