Translation guide
The English verb 'sift' has two main uses: physically passing a dry substance through a sieve to separate or aerate it, and metaphorically examining information carefully to separate useful from useless parts. This guide covers natural Japanese expressions for both.
To put a dry substance through a sieve to remove lumps or separate fine from coarse particles.
The most common and natural way to say 'sift' in a physical sense. Literally 'put through a sieve'. Used for flour, sand, soil, etc.
Sift the flour.
To examine something carefully in order to separate useful from useless, or to find something specific.
For physical sifting, ふるいにかける is the default. For metaphorical sifting, 精査する is more formal and thorough, while ふるいにかける is a direct metaphor and very common in business or casual talk.
砂をふるいにかけて石を取り除く。
Sift the sand to remove stones.
A single verb meaning 'to sift' or 'to sieve'. Often used in cooking contexts. Can also mean 'to shake' or 'to wield', but context makes it clear.
Sift the flour before using it.
Kanji form of ふるう, specifically for sifting. Rarely used in everyday writing; usually written in kana.
Sift to extract only fine particles.
Sift through the evidence.
Sift through the data to find anomalies.
The same physical sifting expression is used metaphorically, just like in English. Very natural for 'sift through' candidates, ideas, etc.
Sift through the applicants.
Sift through the information to find the truth.
Means 'to sort' or 'to separate' good from bad. Often used for selecting quality items or people.
Sift through the documents.
Literally 'to separate by picking'. Implies a careful, manual selection process. Used for sorting physical items or abstract things.
Sift out the facts.
Sift flour vs. sift through candidates
The verb ふるう is almost exclusively physical. Using it for 'sift through information' would sound unnatural. Stick to 精査する or ふるいにかける for metaphorical uses.