Translation guide
The English word "special" covers a wide range of meanings, from "not ordinary" to "specific" or "particular." This guide breaks down the most useful Japanese expressions for each nuance.
Do you have a special reason?
特別 (tokubetsu) works for "special" in the sense of "particular."
Describing something that stands out from the norm, often with a positive connotation.
The most common and versatile word for "special." It can mean "exceptional," "particular," or "extra." Used in both casual and formal contexts.
Today is a special day.
a special person
Loanword from English, often used in marketing, menus, or casual speech. Sounds trendy or commercial.
Means "exceptionally good" or "special" in a refined sense. Often used for taste or experiences.
Referring to one specific thing, person, or group, not general.
Used to specify a particular item or group. Often used in formal or technical contexts.
Emphasizing that something is unlike anything else.
Means "unique" or "distinctive." Often used for styles, flavors, or personalities.
Modifying an adjective or verb to mean "to a special degree."
The standard adverb meaning "especially" or "particularly."
Receiving better treatment than others.
Something one is particularly good at or known for.
Means "one's strong point" or "specialty." Used for skills or subjects.
特別 (tokubetsu) is the general word for "special" in the sense of "not ordinary" or "particular." 特殊 (tokushu) implies "unusual" or "atypical," often with a neutral or slightly technical nuance. For example, 特殊な道具 (special/unusual tools) vs. 特別な日 (a special day).
This is a special case. (It's exceptional.)
今日のスペシャルメニューは何ですか？
What is today's special menu?
格別なおもてなし
exceptional hospitality
You need to meet specific conditions.
Can also mean "particular" or "specific," especially in phrases like 特別な理由 (a particular reason).
Please participate unless you have a specific reason not to.
Means "exclusive use" or "dedicated." Used for tools, lanes, parking, etc.
This is a parking lot for employees only.
She has a unique fashion sense.
Loanword meaning "unique" or "original." Common in casual conversation.
That idea is very unique.
Means "special" in the sense of "unusual" or "atypical." Often used for circumstances, abilities, or equipment.
Special training is required.
It's especially hot today.
Nothing special.
Adverbial form of 特別, meaning "specially" or "exceptionally." Often implies doing something out of the ordinary.
I'll give you special permission.
Literally "special treatment." Can be positive or negative depending on context.
It's unfair to give him special treatment.
Means "preferential treatment" or "favorable treatment." More formal.
to receive preferential treatment
I'm good at math. (Math is my specialty.)
Means "specialty" or "field of expertise." More formal, often used for academic or professional areas.
His specialty is physics.
Means "special skill" or "party trick." Often used for hobbies or unique abilities.
What is your special skill?
This is an unusual case. (It's atypical.)
While スペシャル (supesharu) is understood, it can sound like marketing jargon or overly casual. In most everyday situations, 特別 (tokubetsu) is more natural.
What's so special about it?