Translation guide
The English word "stain" can refer to a discolored mark on a surface, a dye used for coloring, or a moral blemish. This guide covers how to express these meanings naturally in Japanese.
To refer to an unwanted mark or spot on fabric, wood, skin, etc., caused by a substance.
The most common and general word for a stain, especially on fabric, paper, or skin. Often written in katakana.
ワインのシミが取れない。
I can't get the wine stain out.
I got a coffee stain on my shirt.
A broader term for dirt, grime, or a stain. Can be used for general soiling, not just discoloration.
This stain won't come out even after washing.
The kanji form of シミ, used in more formal or written contexts. Same meaning.
I went to a stain removal specialist.
To refer to a substance used to color materials like wood, fabric, or specimens.
General term for dye or coloring agent used for fabrics, wood, etc.
This stain soaks into the wood well.
Refers to food coloring or pigment used to add color to products.
Specifically a staining solution used in biology or microscopy.
The cells were treated with a stain.
To refer to a mark on one's reputation or character.
Literally 'stain' or 'blot', used metaphorically for a blemish on one's honor or record.
A stain remained on his career.
Means 'scar' or 'flaw', often used for a blemish on reputation.
Means 'shame' or 'disgrace', can be used in contexts of a moral stain.
シミ specifically refers to a discolored patch caused by a liquid or substance, while 汚れ is a broader term for any kind of dirt or grime. Use シミ for things like coffee or wine stains, and 汚れ for general soiling.
The English verb 'to stain' does not have a single direct equivalent. Use 染みになる (to become stained) or 染みをつける (to make a stain) depending on context. Avoid literal translations like ステインする.
There's a stain on the carpet.
This wood stain gives a nice color.
This stain is made from natural materials.
That incident left a stain on his reputation.
That is a stain on the family name.