Translation guide
The English word 'surge' covers several distinct meanings: a sudden increase, a rush of emotion, a physical rush of water or electricity, and a swelling movement. Japanese uses different words and phrases for each.
To describe a rapid rise in quantity, level, or rate.
A noun/suru-verb meaning 'rapid increase' or 'surge'. Commonly used for statistics, demand, etc.
The number of infections surged.
Literally 'rapid rise', often used for prices, temperatures, or graphs.
Stock prices surged.
Specifically for a sharp rise in prices or market values.
Crude oil prices are surging.
A more colloquial way to say 'increase suddenly'.
Recently, inquiries have surged.
To express a sudden strong feeling such as anger, joy, or excitement.
Pattern: [emotion] + が込み上げる. Describes an emotion welling up from inside.
A surge of anger rose up inside me.
Similar to 込み上げる, but often used for excitement or energy that bubbles up.
A surge of cheers erupted from the audience.
Verb meaning 'to get excited/worked up', often for emotions.
To describe a powerful, sudden movement of something physical.
Noun/suru-verb for a rush or flood of people, calls, orders, etc.
Inquiries surged in.
Noun meaning 'rapid stream' or 'torrent', used for water.
Loanword from English, used in technical contexts like 'power surge' (電力サージ).
Noun for a swell or surge of waves, or a wavelike motion.
To describe a sudden, powerful forward movement.
急増 is the most general for a surge in numbers or quantity. 急上昇 is often used for things that go up like prices or temperature. 高騰 is specifically for a steep price increase, often in economic news.
The loanword サージ is mainly used in engineering or medical contexts (e.g., power surge, hormone surge). For everyday surges, use native Japanese words.
There has been a surge in demand for electric vehicles.
A surge of anger swept through him.
The crowd surged forward when the gates opened.
感情が高ぶって眠れなかった。
My emotions were surging and I couldn't sleep.
Customers surged into the store.
大雨で川が急流になった。
The river became a surging torrent due to heavy rain.
The equipment failed due to a power surge.
波のうねりが大きい。
The surge of the waves is strong.
People surged toward the stage.