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Kotomora

下

below, down, descend, give, low, inferior

JLPTN5StatusJōyō · grade 1FrequencyTop 100Strokes3

Readings

On'yomi

  • カ
  • ゲ

Kun'yomi

  • した
  • しも
  • もと
  • さ.げる
  • さ.がる
  • くだ.る
  • くだ.り
  • くだ.す
  • -くだ.す
  • くだ.さる
  • お.ろす
  • お.りる

Nanori

  • さか
  • しと

Meaning

下 centers on a lower position or downward direction: being below, moving down, or descending. The senses of giving and inferiority are natural extensions of lowering something or being lower in status.

Most common words using 下

24 of 1,189
  • 下さるくださる
    N4

    to give; to confer; to bestow

  • 下もと
    N1

    under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.)

  • 下した
    N5

    below; down; under; younger (e.g. daughter)

  • 以下いか
    N4

    not exceeding ...; not more than ...; ... and under; ... and below; ... or fewer

  • 下位かい
    N1

    low rank; lower position; subordinate position; lower order (e.g. byte)

  • 地下ちか
    N4

    underground; below the ground

  • 下がるさがる
    N4

    to come down; to go down; to fall; to drop; to sink; to get lower

  • 下手へた
    N5

    unskillful; poor; awkward

  • 下手したて
    N1

    humble position; inferior

  • 低下ていか
    N2

    fall; decline; lowering; deterioration; degradation

  • 部下ぶか
    N2

    subordinate person

  • 下着したぎ
    N4

    underwear; undergarment; underclothes; lingerie

  • 上下じょうげ
    N2

    top and bottom; high and low; above and below; upper and lower ends; up and down

  • 上下うえした
    N1

    top and bottom; up and down; high and low; above and below; upper and lower ends

  • 下記かき

    the following

  • 地下鉄ちかてつ
    N5

    subway; metro; underground (railway)

  • 下りくだり
    N3

    down-train; train heading toward the ending point of its route

  • 下すくだす
    N1

    to make a decision; to draw a conclusion

  • 天下てんか
    N1

    the whole world

  • 投下とうか

    throwing down; dropping; airdrop

  • 落下らっか
    N1

    fall; drop; descent; coming down

  • 下半身かはんしん
    N1

    lower half of the body; nether parts

  • 靴下くつした
    N5

    socks; sock; stockings; stocking

  • 下らないくだらない
    N3

    trivial; trifling; insignificant; not worth bothering with; worthless; useless; good-for-nothing

Explore all words using 下 →

Study

Etymology

下 is a simple ideograph: a horizontal line with a vertical stroke and a short diagonal mark below it, indicating the concept of 'below' or 'down' relative to a reference line.

Meaning mnemonic

The horizontal line is a reference point, and the vertical stroke with the small diagonal mark points downward. Think of an arrow pointing below a surface: 下 means below or down.

Reading mnemonic

For カ, imagine a car going down a steep hill: car -> カ, and the car descends lower and lower.