下
below, down, descend, give, low, inferior
Readings
On'yomi
- カ
- ゲ
Kun'yomi
- した
- しも
- もと
- さ.げる
- さ.がる
- くだ.る
- くだ.り
- くだ.す
- -くだ.す
- くだ.さる
- お.ろす
- お.りる
Nanori
- さか
- しと
Meaning
下 centers on a lower position or downward direction: being below, moving down, or descending. The senses of giving and inferiority are natural extensions of lowering something or being lower in status.
Most common words using 下
24 of 1,189- 下さるくださるN4
to give; to confer; to bestow
- 下もとN1
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.)
- 下したN5
below; down; under; younger (e.g. daughter)
- 以下いかN4
not exceeding ...; not more than ...; ... and under; ... and below; ... or fewer
- 下位かいN1
low rank; lower position; subordinate position; lower order (e.g. byte)
- 地下ちかN4
underground; below the ground
- 下がるさがるN4
to come down; to go down; to fall; to drop; to sink; to get lower
- 下手へたN5
unskillful; poor; awkward
- 下手したてN1
humble position; inferior
- 低下ていかN2
fall; decline; lowering; deterioration; degradation
- 部下ぶかN2
subordinate person
- 下着したぎN4
underwear; undergarment; underclothes; lingerie
- 上下じょうげN2
top and bottom; high and low; above and below; upper and lower ends; up and down
- 上下うえしたN1
top and bottom; up and down; high and low; above and below; upper and lower ends
- 下記かき
the following
- 地下鉄ちかてつN5
subway; metro; underground (railway)
- 下りくだりN3
down-train; train heading toward the ending point of its route
- 下すくだすN1
to make a decision; to draw a conclusion
- 天下てんかN1
the whole world
- 投下とうか
throwing down; dropping; airdrop
- 落下らっかN1
fall; drop; descent; coming down
- 下半身かはんしんN1
lower half of the body; nether parts
- 靴下くつしたN5
socks; sock; stockings; stocking
- 下らないくだらないN3
trivial; trifling; insignificant; not worth bothering with; worthless; useless; good-for-nothing
Study
Etymology
下 is a simple ideograph: a horizontal line with a vertical stroke and a short diagonal mark below it, indicating the concept of 'below' or 'down' relative to a reference line.
Meaning mnemonic
The horizontal line is a reference point, and the vertical stroke with the small diagonal mark points downward. Think of an arrow pointing below a surface: 下 means below or down.
Reading mnemonic
For カ, imagine a car going down a steep hill: car -> カ, and the car descends lower and lower.