凝
congeal, freeze, stiff, be absorbed in
Readings
On'yomi
- ギョウ
Kun'yomi
- こ.る
- こ.らす
- こご.らす
- こご.らせる
- こご.る
Meaning
凝 centers on a substance or state becoming thick, solid, or fixed: liquids congealing or freezing, muscles stiffening, or the mind being so absorbed in something that it becomes rigidly focused.
Most common words using 凝
20 of 69- 凝りしこり
muscle stiffness (esp. in shoulders)
- 凝るこるN2
to become stiff (of muscles)
- 凝縮ぎょうしゅく
condensation (of ideas, emotions, etc.); concentration
- 凝固ぎょうこ
coagulation; freezing; solidification
- 凝視ぎょうし
stare; gaze; fixation
- 凝らすこらすN1
to concentrate; to focus on; to devote; to apply oneself
- 凝るしこる
to stiffen; to harden
- 凝集ぎょうしゅう
agglomeration; clumping together
- 凝結ぎょうけつ
solidification; congelation; freezing; curdling; setting
- 凝り性こりしょう
tendency to become totally absorbed in something; monomania; perfectionism; fastidiousness; meticulousness
- 凝るこごるN1
to congeal; to gelatinize; to jellify; to jell; to gell; to freeze
- 凝灰岩ぎょうかいがん
tuff
- 凝ったこった
elaborate; exquisite; ornate; refined; sophisticated
- 凝らすこごらすN1
to freeze; to congeal
- ボースアインシュタイン凝縮ボースアインシュタインぎょうしゅく
Bose-Einstein condensate
- メラニン凝集ホルモンメラニンぎょうしゅうホルモン
melanin-concentrating hormone
- 凝っては思案に能わずこってはしあんにあたわず
too much thinking gets you nowhere; excessive enthusiasm clouds one's judgment
- 凝らせるこごらせる
to freeze; to congeal
- 凝りこごり
congelation; congealment; jelly
- 凝りだすこりだす
to be into something (e.g. a hobby)
Study
Etymology
凝 combines the ice radical 冫 with 疑, which likely contributes the sound and the idea of something becoming fixed or congealed. The exact historical development of the right side is uncertain.
Meaning mnemonic
The ice radical 冫 on the left suggests coldness, while the right side 疑 looks like a person frozen in doubt. Imagine a liquid turning to ice and becoming stiff, or a person so absorbed they are frozen in place.
Reading mnemonic
For ギョウ, picture a giant block of ice congealing around a person named Gyo: Gyo -> ギョウ, and the ice freezes him solid.