vertical, length, height, self-indulgent, wayward
縦 centers on the vertical dimension: height, length, or the up-down axis. The self-indulgent and wayward senses are extended from the idea of letting things go their own way, like a loose vertical thread.
縦 combines 糸 (thread) with 従 (follow, obey), suggesting a thread that hangs down or follows a vertical line. The self-indulgent sense likely comes from the idea of following one's own inclinations freely.
A thread 糸 that follows 従 a vertical path: imagine a plumb line hanging straight down, measuring height and length. When the thread is loose, it can sway waywardly.
For ジュウ, picture a jeweler's vertical display of necklaces hanging down: jew -> ジュウ, and the threads hang straight.
the vertical; height
steering; piloting; flying; control; operation; handling
running through (north-south); cutting across; travelling across
oblong; vertical writing style (e.g. on envelopes); portrait orientation
length and width; length and breadth; lengthwise and crosswise; vertical and horizontal; the four cardinal points
length and breadth; length and width
stretching out (in a longitudinal direction); running; traversing
freely; right and left; as one pleases
column; file; (vertical) line
vertical stripes; striped fabric
running through; traversal
supposing that; even if
column
(weaving) warp
inspection; unrestricted viewing; reading
column
copilot
Indian file; single file; single column
single line (of ships); single line formation; line of battle
great longitudinal fissure; longitudinal cerebral fissure; longitudinal fissure; interhemispheric fissure; fissura longitudinalis cerebri; groove that separates the two hemispheres of the brain