玉
jewel, ball
Readings
On'yomi
- ギョク
Kun'yomi
- たま
- たま-
- -だま
Nanori
- おう
- だん
Meaning
玉 centers on a precious, polished spherical object: a jewel or a ball. The two meanings are linked by the idea of a small, valuable, rounded item.
Most common words using 玉
20 of 318- 玉たまN3
ball; sphere; globe; orb
- 埼玉さいたま
Saitama (city, prefecture)
- 目玉めだま
eyeball
- 玉ねぎたまねぎN1
onion (Allium cepa)
- 金玉きんぎょく
gold and jewels; precious object
- 金玉きんたま
testicles; balls; nuts
- お年玉おとしだまN3
New Year's gift (usu. money given to a child by relatives and visitors)
- 替え玉かえだま
stand-in; proxy; substitute; double; ringer
- 目玉焼きめだまやき
fried egg; sunny-side up fried egg
- 水玉みずたまN3
drop of water
- 玉砕ぎょくさい
honorable death; death without surrender; honorable defeat
- 玉座ぎょくざ
throne
- 悪玉あくだま
bad character; bad person; villain; baddie
- 火の玉ひのたま
fireball; ball of fire
- 白玉しらたま
white gem (esp. a pearl)
- ビー玉ビーだま
marble; glass marble
- 玉音ぎょくおん
the Emperor's voice
- けん玉けんだま
kendama; Japanese bilboquet (cup-and-ball game)
- 珠玉しゅぎょく
jewel; gem
- 小玉こだま
small ball; globule; bead; small vegetable or piece of fruit
Study
Etymology
玉 is a pictograph of a string of jade pieces, with the dot 丶 added to distinguish it from 王 (king). The original form showed three pieces of jade on a string.
Meaning mnemonic
Picture a king's 王 treasure: a single jewel 丶 added to his crown, making 玉 a precious ball or gem.
Reading mnemonic
For ギョク, imagine a giant jeweled ball that looks like a geode: geode -> ギョク. The sparkling geode ball is the king's prized jewel.