Go
碁 refers specifically to the board game Go, a strategic game played with black and white stones on a grid.
碁 combines 石 (stone) with 其, which likely contributes the sound. The character was created to represent the game Go, emphasizing the stones used in play.
The top 其 looks like a grid, and the bottom 石 means stone. Picture a grid with black and white stones placed on it: that's the game of Go.
For ゴ, think of the game Go itself: the reading is exactly the same as the English name of the game. Go -> ゴ.
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go (board game)
go (board game)
Go board
go stone; go piece
game of go played by poor players
torus go; toroidal go; t-go; go variant played on a board where edges wraparound like a torus
pair go; Go played by two teams with one male and female player on each team taking turns
ponnuki go; first-capture go; atari go; go variant where whoever first captures one or more stones wins
mirror go; manego; opening strategy of symmetrically copying every move of the opponent (played by white or black)
one color go; go variant played with one-colored stones where players must remember which stones are theirs
mirror go (as black); opening strategy of symmetrically copying every move of the opponent, starting with tengen
jigo; game resulting in a tie or a draw
fast go
go (board game)
dan-ranked go player
go played by two equally skilled players
in every game or play, differences in skill between individuals can be substantial
if you get too absorbed when playing go, you will miss your parent's deathbed
to play (a game of) go
go parlour; go club