noun
loop construct
A programming language structure that allows repeated execution of a block of code, such as for, while, or do-while loops.
このプログラミング言語では、ループ構成体としてfor文とwhile文が使える。
In this programming language, you can use for and while statements as loop constructs.
繰り返し処理 is a broader term for repetitive processing, not limited to programming language constructs.
Compound of ループ (from English 'loop') + 構成体 (structure, construct). A technical term likely coined in Japanese computing contexts.