並ならびに

な

ら

び

に

Common wordJLPTN1Freq.FrequencyTop 20,000

Meanings

1

conjunction

and; as well as; both ... and

Formal written conjunction used to connect nouns or noun phrases, similar to および but slightly more emphatic. Often used in legal or official documents.

氏し名めい並ならびに住じゅう所しょを記き入にゅう

し

て

ください

。

Please fill in your name and address.

この製せい品ひんは品ひん質しつ並ならびにデザインに優すぐれている。

This product excels in both quality and design.

Usage patterns

〈事こと〉並ならびに〈事こと〉used in formal/legal writing to list two nouns of equal standing, joined as 'and'
氏し名めい並ならびに住じゅう所しょを記き入にゅうしてください。
Please fill in your name as well as your address.

Kanji

並row, and, besides

Related words

及およびN1
および is the standard formal 'and' for connecting nouns; 並びに is slightly more emphatic and often used to add a second item of equal or greater importance, frequently paired after および in legal text.
かつN1
かつ formally links two actions, states, or qualities ('and moreover'), while 並びに formally links nouns or noun phrases.

Don't confuse with

またはN4
並びに means 'and' (all items apply together) while 又は means 'or' (a choice between items), a distinction easily missed in dense legal writing.

Written forms

並ならびに
Standard kanji spelling with regular okurigana; high priority.
並ならびに
irregular okurigana
Irregular okurigana usage; less common and not recommended for learners.

Etymology

Derived from the verb 並ぶ (ならぶ, 'to line up') with the continuative form 並び (ならび) plus the particle に, literally meaning 'in a line with'. The kanji 並 suggests things being placed side by side.