A desk used for work, typically in an office or study. The compound 仕事机 is straightforward and commonly understood.
I bought a new work desk.
Please tidy up your work desk.
デスク is a loanword often used for office desks, similar to 仕事机 but more modern and casual.
Compound of 仕事 (work) and 机 (desk). The reading しごとづくえ follows standard rendaku voicing of つくえ.