Rare, old-fashioned use for someone who commits adultery. Modern Japanese typically uses 不倫相手 or 浮気相手.
彼は会社の不正を内部告発した内通者だ。
He is a whistle-blower who exposed the company's wrongdoing.
In old novels, the word 内通者 can refer to an adulterous partner.
Compound of 内通 (secret communication) + 者 (person). The exact historical derivation is uncertain.