uncivilized natives; indigenous barbarians
Rare historical term used in older texts to refer to indigenous peoples in a derogatory manner, implying lack of civilization. Not used in modern neutral discourse.
In old documents, the word 土蛮 is used to refer to indigenous peoples.
Another archaic term for 'barbarian', similar in tone but not specifically tied to indigenous status.
Rare historical term; 蛮 carries a derogatory nuance for 'barbarian'.
Variant spelling using 蕃, also rare and historical.
Compound of 土 (do, 'land, earth') and 蛮 (ban, 'barbarian'), literally 'land barbarians'. The exact historical derivation is uncertain; the term appears in older Japanese texts with a derogatory connotation.