noun
Tenmei-era haikai style; Basho-revival haikai
A haikai (or haiku) style from the Tenmei era (1781–1789) that sought to return to the spirit of Matsuo Bashō, often associated with the Shōfū (蕉風) tradition.
天明調は蕉風への回帰を目指した俳諧の一派である。
The Tenmei style is a school of haikai that aimed to return to the Shōfū (Bashō's style).
noun
Tenmei-era comic tanka style
A style of humorous tanka (kyōka) that flourished in the Tenmei era, popularized by Ōta Nanpo and others.
See also: 狂歌
大田南畝によって広められた天明調の狂歌は、当時の江戸で大流行した。
The Tenmei-style comic tanka popularized by Ōta Nanpo became a huge fad in Edo at the time.
狂歌 is the broader genre of comic tanka; 天明調 (sense 2) is a specific historical style within that genre, characterized by the witty, satirical verse of the Tenmei period.
From 天明 (Tenmei, the era name) + 調 (style, tone). The term refers to literary styles that emerged or were prominent during the Tenmei era (1781–1789).