Refers broadly to human civilization, including its material, social, and cultural aspects. Often used in historical, sociological, and everyday contexts.
My hobby is visiting ruins of ancient civilizations.
The development of civilization has had a major impact on the environment.
Bunmei era (1469–1487)
Historical Japanese era name. Used in historical texts and discussions of the Muromachi period.
The Ōnin War ended during the Bunmei era.
Civilization had developed in this region since ancient times.
They built a great civilization along the riverbanks.
It is said that the civilization was destroyed by a natural disaster.
Egyptian civilization has an extremely long history.
未開 describes a people or society seen as lacking civilization, whereas 文明 refers to civilization itself, the opposite condition.
civilized person; civilized people
history of civilization