浪人する · noun or participle which takes 'suru'
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 浪人する | 浪人しない |
| Polite | 浪人します | 浪人しません |
| Past polite | 浪人しました | 浪人しませんでした |
| Past | 浪人した | 浪人しなかった |
| Te-form | 浪人して | 浪人しないで |
| Desire | 浪人したい | 浪人したくない |
| Potential | 浪人できる | 浪人できない |
| Passive | 浪人される | 浪人されない |
| Causative | 浪人させる | 浪人させない |
| Causative passive | 浪人させられる | 浪人させられない |
| Volitional | 浪人しよう | |
| Polite volitional | 浪人しましょう | |
| Imperative | 浪人しろ | 浪人するな |
| Conditional | 浪人すれば | 浪人しなければ |
| Tara conditional | 浪人したら | 浪人しなかったら |
noun, noun or participle which takes 'suru', intransitive verb
ronin; masterless samurai
Historical term for a samurai without a lord, especially during the Edo period.
In the Edo period, a samurai who lost his lord was called a ronin.
noun, noun or participle which takes 'suru', intransitive verb
high school graduate retaking university entrance exams
Only when written 浪人
Modern educational term for a student who has graduated high school but is studying to retake university entrance exams, often after failing the first attempt. Can also be used as a verb with する.
He failed to get into his first-choice university and decided to spend a year as a ronin student.
Life as a ronin student is tough, but I'm working hard for my goal.
unemployed person; jobless person
Only when written 浪人
Informal extension of the ronin concept to describe someone who is out of work, often between jobs.
After quitting my job, I was unemployed for a while.
Only when written 浪人
Archaic original meaning, referring to a person who wanders without a fixed home or purpose. Rarely used in modern Japanese.
In old language, 浪人 simply meant a wanderer.
Having lost his lord, the samurai became a ronin.
While he was out of work, he cut back on living expenses.
She got into medical school after two years of retaking exams.
After a year spent retaking exams, he finally got into university.
vagrant; homeless person; drifter
poor masterless samurai; lowly ronin