浪人する · noun or participle which takes 'suru'
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 浪人する | 浪人しない |
| Polite | 浪人します | 浪人しません |
| Past polite | 浪人しました | 浪人しませんでした |
| Past | 浪人した | 浪人しなかった |
| Te-form | 浪人して | 浪人しないで |
| Desire | 浪人したい | 浪人したくない |
| Potential | 浪人できる | 浪人できない |
| Passive | 浪人される | 浪人されない |
| Causative | 浪人させる | 浪人させない |
| Causative passive | 浪人させられる | 浪人させられない |
| Volitional | 浪人しよう | |
| Polite volitional | 浪人しましょう | |
| Imperative | 浪人しろ | 浪人するな |
| Conditional | 浪人すれば | 浪人しなければ |
| Tara conditional | 浪人したら | 浪人しなかったら |
noun, noun or participle which takes 'suru', intransitive verb
ronin; masterless samurai
Historical term for a samurai without a lord, especially during the Edo period.
In the Edo period, a samurai who lost his lord was called a ronin.
noun, noun or participle which takes 'suru', intransitive verb
high school graduate retaking university entrance exams
Only when written 浪人
Modern educational term for a student who has graduated high school but is studying to retake university entrance exams, often after failing the first attempt. Can also be used as a verb with する.
He failed to get into his first-choice university and decided to spend a year as a ronin student.
Life as a ronin student is tough, but I'm working hard for my goal.
unemployed person; jobless person
Only when written 浪人
Informal extension of the ronin concept to describe someone who is out of work, often between jobs.
After quitting my job, I was unemployed for a while.
Only when written 浪人
Archaic original meaning, referring to a person who wanders without a fixed home or purpose. Rarely used in modern Japanese.
In old language, 浪人 simply meant a wanderer.
Having lost his lord, the samurai became a ronin.
After a year spent retaking exams, he finally got into university.
While he was out of work, he cut back on living expenses.
She got into medical school after two years of retaking exams.
poor masterless samurai; lowly ronin