牢
prison, jail, hardness
Readings
On'yomi
- ロウ
Kun'yomi
- かた.い
- ひとや
Meaning
牢 centers on confinement and restraint: a prison or jail that holds someone in, and by extension the hardness or firmness of being tightly secured.
Most common words using 牢
20 of 28- 牢ろう
prison; jail; gaol
- 牢獄ろうごく
prison; jail; gaol
- 牢屋ろうや
jail; gaol; jailhouse
- 堅牢けんろう
solid; strong; sturdy; durable; stout
- 牢記ろうき
keeping in mind; taking note of; remembering; taking to heart
- 座敷牢ざしきろう
room for confining criminals or lunatics (Edo period)
- 亡羊補牢ぼうようほろう
locking the barn door after the horse has bolted; doing something too late; mending the pen after the sheep are lost
- 入牢にゅうろう
imprisonment
- 土牢つちろう
dungeon; underground prison
- 地下牢ちかろう
dungeon
- 地牢じろう
dungeon; underground prison
- 堅牢堅固けんろうけんご
firm and solid; stout and durable
- 女牢おんなろう
jail for women (Edo period)
- 岩牢いわろう
cave prison; cliffside jail
- 水牢みずろう
(punishment by being placed in a) water-filled chamber
- 永牢えいろう
life imprisonment
- 牢としてろうとして
firmly; strongly
- 牢名主ろうなぬし
head of a prisoners' group (Edo period)
- 牢問ろうもん
whipping, stone placement, and shrimp-tie bondage (three forms of Edo-period torture)
- 牢固ろうこ
firm; solid; inflexible; immovable
Study
Etymology
牢 combines 宀 (roof/building) with 牛 (cow), originally depicting an enclosure for livestock. Over time it came to mean any confined space, especially a prison.
Meaning mnemonic
Under a roof (宀), a cow (牛) is penned in. Picture a sturdy barn that feels like a jail for the animal—牢 means prison or hardness.
Reading mnemonic
For ロウ, imagine a low, dark prison cell where the cow is kept: low -> ロウ, and the cow is locked up tight.