由
Meanings
1
Refers to the underlying reason, cause, or meaning behind something. Often used in formal or written contexts, and in set phrases like 由ありげ or 由なく.
Please tell me the reason he resigned.
This letter seems to have a deep significance.
2
I hear that; it is said that; reportedly
Only when written 由
Used to convey hearsay or reported information, often in the pattern ~との由 or ~の由. Restricted to the kanji 由. Formal and somewhat literary.
I hear that you are doing well, which is wonderful.
I hear that the meeting has been postponed.
Usage patterns
- 〈事〉との由I hear that ~; it is said that ~
I hear that the teacher is retiring.
- 〈事〉の由for the reason of ~; on account of ~
I will be absent due to urgent business.