noun
Medical specialty dealing with surgical treatment of the nervous system.
彼は神経外科の専門医です。
He is a specialist in neurosurgery.
神経外科の手術は非常に繊細だ。
Neurosurgery operations are extremely delicate.
More specifically refers to surgery of the brain and cranial nerves, while 神経外科 covers the entire nervous system including spine and peripheral nerves.
Compound of 神経 (nerve) + 外科 (surgery). A straightforward modern medical term.