academic socialism; professorial socialism
A historical term for a reformist, non-revolutionary socialism advocated by university professors, especially in late 19th-century Germany. Rare in modern usage outside historical or political-science contexts.
Academic socialism, unlike Marxism, emphasized gradual reform through parliament.
Calque of German 'Kathedersozialismus', from 講壇 (lectern, academic podium) + 社会主義 (socialism).