In fishing, a short piece of line or wire between the main line and the hook or lure; often used to prevent bite-offs or to present the bait naturally.
仕掛け refers to the whole terminal tackle setup, which often includes a ハリス as part of it.
Etymology
The word ハリス is likely derived from English 'harris' or a similar term used in angling, but the exact origin is uncertain. The kanji forms 鉤素 and 針素 are rare and probably ateji.