noun
General term for liquid splashes or spray, such as from waves, waterfalls, or splashing water.
See also: しぶき
波が岩に当たって飛沫が上がった。
The wave hit the rock and spray flew up.
noun
Medical term for tiny liquid particles, especially in the context of infection via respiratory droplets.
See also: 飛沫感染
飛沫感染を防ぐためにマスクを着用してください。
Please wear a mask to prevent droplet infection.
しぶき also means splash or spray, but is more colloquial and often refers to fine mist or spray from waves or waterfalls. 飛沫 is more formal and commonly used in medical contexts.
Compound of 飛 (hi, 'fly') and 沫 (matsu, 'foam, splash'). The reading is on'yomi.