Fixed phrase used to introduce a consequence or outcome, often at the beginning of a sentence.
The intense heat continued. As a result, crop prices soared.
He practiced every day. As a result, he won the match.
結果 is a noun meaning 'result' or 'outcome'. その結果 is a fixed phrase meaning 'as a result', functioning as a conjunction.
A fixed phrase composed of その (that) and 結果 (result), literally 'that result'.