どうも

ど

う

も

Meanings

abbreviation

Casual, abbreviated thanks. Often used alone or in the phrase どうもありがとう. The standalone どうも is less formal than full expressions.

どうも〈事こと〉ようだit somehow seems that ~ (vague impression, not based on clear evidence)
どうも風邪かぜをひいたようだ。
I seem to have caught a cold, somehow.
どうも〈物もの〉が気きになるfor some reason, ~ keeps bothering me
どうもさっきの一ひと言ことが気きになる。
For some reason, that thing he said earlier is bothering me.
どうも〈動どう詞し〉ないno matter how hard one tries, ~ just doesn't happen
どうも思おもい出だせない。
No matter how hard I try, I just can't remember it.

どうしてもN3sense 5
Both mean 'no matter how hard one tries', but どうしても is stronger and more commonly used for that sense than どうも.
どうやらN2sense 3
Both hedge a guess as 'it seems that', but どうやら sounds more objective and evidence-based while どうも feels more like a vague personal hunch.
ありがとうN4sense 1
どうも alone is a clipped, casual way of saying thanks, while 有難う is the fuller, more standard word for 'thank you'.
何なんともN2
どうも is casual and can mean 'somehow' or serve as a thanks-expression, while 何とも is more formal and stresses degree or total negation.

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どうもありがとう
どうも alone is a casual, clipped way to say thanks, whereas どうも有難う is the fuller, more polite phrase it comes from.
なんだかN2
どうも often introduces a vague sense that something is wrong or off (and can also mean 'thanks'), whereas 何だか is neutral and simply marks an unexplainable impression.
ありがと
どうも is a casual, even more clipped way to say thanks, often used alone, similar in informality to ありがと.
サンキューN1

どうぞN5
どうぞ and どうも sound similar and both appear in polite exchanges, but どうぞ offers or invites while どうも thanks or expresses vague feeling.

Derived from どう (how) + も (also/even). The original meaning of 'no matter how' extended to vague emphasis and then to casual greetings and thanks.

どうも is a mild, everyday way to say thanks (often short for どうもありがとう), whereas サンキュー signals a breezy, English-influenced casualness.

どうも is a common, mild way to say thanks in everyday Japanese, whereas メルシー is a rarer, French-flavored alternative used for flair.