A place where manual or industrial work is carried out; can refer to a factory floor, a workshop, or any designated work area.
My father does woodworking in his workshop.
The factory's work floor is spacious and bright.
作業場 is a plain, generic term for any workspace or worksite, while 工房 specifically suggests a place for skilled craft or artistic creation.
Compound of 作業 (work, operation) and 場 (place).