congenital disorder; birth defect
Medical term for a condition present from birth. Often used in formal or clinical contexts.
Congenital disorders are often diagnosed at birth.
Synonymous medical term; 先天的障害 is slightly more common in legal or social contexts.
Compound of 先天的 (せんてんてき, 'congenital') and 障害 (しょうがい, 'disorder').