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Kotomora

先

before, ahead, previous, future, precedence

JLPTN5StatusJōyō · grade 1FrequencyTop 200Strokes6

Readings

On'yomi

  • セン

Kun'yomi

  • さき
  • ま.ず

Nanori

  • ぽん

Meaning

先 centers on being ahead in time or order: before, previous, or taking precedence. The sense of 'future' is a natural extension, as what lies ahead is yet to come.

Most common words using 先

24 of 631
  • 先さき
    N2

    point; tip; end; nozzle

  • 先生せんせい
    N5

    teacher; instructor; master

  • 先ずまず
    N5

    first (of all); firstly; to begin with; before anything else

  • 優先ゆうせん
    N1

    preference; priority; precedence; right of way

  • 先輩せんぱい
    N4

    senior (at school, work, etc.); superior; elder; older person; predecessor

  • 先日せんじつ
    N3

    the other day; a few days ago

  • 先行せんこう
    N1

    going ahead; going first

  • 先週せんしゅう
    N5

    last week; the week before

  • 先月せんげつ
    N5

    last month

  • 先進せんしん

    advanced; developed

  • 先頭せんとう
    N2

    head (of a line, group, etc.); front; lead; forefront; vanguard

  • 先端せんたん
    N2

    pointed end; tip; point; cusp (of a leaf, crescent moon, etc.); apex (of a curve)

  • 先発せんぱつ

    starting in advance; starting first; going first; going ahead

  • 先祖せんぞ
    N3

    ancestor; forefather; foremother

  • 先制せんせい

    head start; initiative; preemption

  • 最先端さいせんたん
    N1

    cutting edge; leading edge; forefront; state of the art

  • 真っ先まっさき
    N2

    the head; the foremost; beginning; the very front

  • 祖先そせん
    N3

    ancestor

  • 一先ずひとまず
    N2

    for now; for the time being; for the present

  • 指先ゆびさき
    N5

    fingertip; finger

  • 先着せんちゃく
    N1

    arriving first

  • 先駆けるさきがける

    to do (something) before (something or someone else); to be ahead of (others, the times, etc.)

  • 先代せんだい
    N1

    previous generation (of a family); previous head of the family; one's (late) father

  • 先手せんて

    moving first; person with the first move

Explore all words using 先 →

Study

Etymology

先 is thought to combine 之 (footprint, advance) with 儿 (person), suggesting a person stepping forward or going ahead. The modern form retains the idea of precedence.

Meaning mnemonic

The top part looks like a foot stepping forward, and the bottom 儿 is a person. Picture someone taking the first step ahead of others: 先 means before or ahead.

Reading mnemonic

For セン, imagine a centipede racing ahead, its many legs always one step before the rest: cent -> セン, and it's always in front.