modulo N check; residue check
A computing term for an error-detection method that uses division remainders to verify data integrity.
A residue check is used to detect errors in data transmission.
チェックサム is a broader term for a checksum, while 剰余検査 specifically refers to a check based on modulo arithmetic.
Compound of 剰余 (remainder) and 検査 (check, inspection), likely a calque from English 'residue check' or 'modulo check'.