General term for an amount left over after needs are met, or the balance remaining. Used in economic, financial, and everyday contexts.
今年度の予算には剰余が生じた。
A surplus arose in this fiscal year's budget.
Mathematical term for the amount left over after division.
10を3で割ると、剰余は1になる。
When you divide 10 by 3, the remainder is 1.
収入から支出を引いた剰余を計算する。
Calculate the surplus by subtracting expenses from income.
surplus; balance
coset; residue class
surplus value
surplus labor
modulo N check; residue check
quadratic residue
Compound of 剰 (surplus, excess) and 余 (remainder, extra). The exact historical derivation is uncertain, but the kanji combination directly conveys the meaning of an amount left over.