surplus labor
Economic term referring to labor performed beyond what is necessary to produce the worker's own subsistence; often used in Marxist or classical economic contexts.
In Marxian economics, surplus labor is said to produce surplus value.
剰余価値 (surplus value) is the value created by surplus labor, while 剰余労働 refers to the labor itself.
Compound of 剰余 (surplus) and 労働 (labor). The term is a direct translation of the English 'surplus labor', likely introduced through economic literature.