剰
surplus, besides
Readings
On'yomi
- ジョウ
Kun'yomi
- あまつさえ
- あま.り
- あま.る
Meaning
剰 centers on something left over beyond what is needed: a surplus, an extra amount, or something besides the main part.
Most common words using 剰
20 of 53- 過剰かじょうN2
excess; surplus; superabundance; overabundance
- 余剰よじょう
surplus; remainder; residue; margin; balance
- 剰余じょうよ
surplus; balance; remainder
- 剰余金じょうよきん
surplus; balance
- ビタミン過剰症ビタミンかじょうしょう
hypervitaminosis
- 人口過剰じんこうかじょう
overpopulation
- 余剰人員よじょうじんいん
excess personnel; redundant staff
- 余剰牌よじょうはい
surplus tile; tile that has become unnecessary to the advancement of a hand, particularly at the moment tenpai is attained
- 供給過剰きょうきゅうかじょう
oversupply (of goods, etc.); excessive supply
- 出生過剰しゅっしょうかじょう
excessive birth (rate)
- 剰余価値じょうよかち
surplus value (in Marxian economics)
- 剰余労働じょうよろうどう
surplus labor
- 剰余検査じょうよけんさ
modulo N check; residue check
- 剰余類じょうよるい
coset; residue class
- 剰費じょうひ
unnecessary expenses
- 剰銭じょうせん
remaining money; change
- 卵巣過剰刺激症候群らんそうかじょうしげきしょうこうぐん
ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome; OHSS
- 平方剰余へいほうじょうよ
quadratic residue
- 平方剰余の相互法則へいほうじょうよのそうごほうそく
law of quadratic reciprocity
- 意識過剰いしきかじょう
hyperconsciousness; too great a sense (of); something being only one's imagination; letting imagination run away with one
Study
Etymology
剰 combines 乗 (ride, mount) with 刂 (knife). The historical development is uncertain, but it likely relates to the idea of something being carried or added, leading to surplus.
Meaning mnemonic
Imagine riding (乗) with a knife (刂) in your belt, and you have an extra one besides the one you're using—that's your surplus.
Reading mnemonic
For ジョウ, picture a surplus of Joe's belongings: Joe -> ジョウ, and he has more than he needs.