same rank; same digit
Used in mathematics, statistics, and formal contexts to indicate equal rank, position, or digit value.
These two numbers have the same digit value.
彼らは会社で同位の役職に就いている。
They hold positions of the same rank in the company.
同位 is a more technical term for occupying the same position or rank in a hierarchy, while 同列 is broader and covers rows, lines, or figurative levels.
Compound of 同 (same) and 位 (rank, position). The reading どうい follows standard on'yomi.