fixed effect
Technical term in statistics and econometrics, referring to a model component that captures time-invariant individual-specific effects.
In panel data analysis, fixed effects models are often used.
By accounting for fixed effects, unobserved heterogeneity can be controlled.
Random effect; unlike fixed effects, random effects assume individual-specific effects are random and uncorrelated with explanatory variables.
Compound of 固定 (fixed) and 効果 (effect), a direct translation of the English statistical term 'fixed effect'.