固
harden, set, clot, curdle
Readings
On'yomi
- コ
Kun'yomi
- かた.める
- かた.まる
- かた.まり
- かた.い
Meaning
固 centers on becoming firm and stable: hardening, setting, clotting, or curdling. It describes a change from a softer or more fluid state into a solid, fixed form.
Most common words using 固
20 of 243- 固定こていN1
fixing (in place); being fixed (in place); securing; anchoring; fastening down
- 固めかため
hardening; fortifying
- 固まるかたまるN2
to harden; to solidify
- 固有こゆうN1
characteristic (of); peculiar (to); inherent (in); endemic; unique (to); native (to); intrinsic
- 頑固がんこN2
stubborn; obstinate; pigheaded
- 強固きょうこ
firm; strong; solid; stable
- 固執こしつN1
sticking to (an opinion, theory, belief, etc.); clinging to; adherence; persistence; insistence
- 断固だんこN1
firm; determined; resolute; conclusive
- 固めるかためるN2
to harden; to freeze; to strengthen; to solidify; to make (a fist); to tramp down (snow, dirt)
- 凝固ぎょうこ
coagulation; freezing; solidification
- 固体こたいN1
solid (body); solid matter; solid-state
- 固形こけいN1
solid (body)
- 固有名詞こゆうめいし
proper noun
- 堅固けんご
solid; strong; firm
- 固着こちゃく
adherence; sticking (to); fixation
- 意固地いこじ
obstinate; stubborn; obdurate; headstrong; willful; perverse
- 固めかため
somewhat hard; somewhat firm; fairly hard; on the hard side
- 確固かっこ
firm; unshakeable; resolute
- 固化こか
solidification
- 警固けいご
watching (esp. during an emergency); being on alert
Study
Etymology
固 combines 囗 (enclosure) with 古, which likely contributes the sound and the idea of something old and solid. The enclosure reinforces the sense of something contained and hardened.
Meaning mnemonic
Inside an enclosure 囗, something old 古 sits and hardens over time. Picture an ancient object sealed in a container, slowly setting into a solid, firm mass.
Reading mnemonic
For コ, imagine a hard, solid core inside the enclosure: core -> コ, and the old thing inside becomes the core of the hardened mass.