固める · ichidan verb
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 固める | 固めない |
| Polite | 固めます | 固めません |
| Past polite | 固めました | 固めませんでした |
| Past | 固めた | 固めなかった |
| Te-form | 固めて | 固めないで |
| Desire | 固めたい | 固めたくない |
| Potential | 固められるalso 固めれる | 固められないalso 固めれない |
| Passive | 固められる | 固められない |
| Causative | 固めさせる | 固めさせない |
| Causative passive | 固めさせられる | 固めさせられない |
| Volitional | 固めよう | |
| Polite volitional | 固めましょう | |
| Imperative | 固めろ | 固めるな |
| Conditional | 固めれば | 固めなければ |
| Tara conditional | 固めたら | 固めなかったら |
ichidan verb, transitive verb
harden; solidify; compact; make a fist
Physical use: make something hard, solid, firm, or compact. Setting food, packing down snow or dirt, and clenching one's fist are also used.
See also: 土を固める (つちをかためる)
ゼラチンでゼリーを固める。
Set the jelly with gelatin.
We tramped down the snow and made a path.
He clenched his fist in anger.
ichidan verb, transitive verb
put together; gather; consolidate
Used when separate things are arranged into one group, cluster, block, or consolidated unit rather than left scattered.
We placed the desks together at the back of the room.
ichidan verb, transitive verb
make secure; stabilize; settle down; establish
Abstract use for making a decision, position, evidence, or life situation firm and reliable. 身を固める commonly means to settle down, often by marrying or establishing a stable life.
See also: 身を固める (みをかためる)
He made up his mind to study abroad.
The police established the evidence before making the arrest.
I'm thinking it's about time to settle down.
ichidan verb, transitive verb
fortify; reinforce; surround with support
Used for strengthening a defense, position, or surrounding arrangement. It can also describe something being completely supported or made up by a material or basis, as in 嘘で固める.
See also: 国境を固める (こっきょうをかためる) · 嘘で固める (うそでかためる)
The team tightened its defense to protect the one-point lead.
They fortified the area around the castle with soldiers.
His explanation was built entirely on lies.
ichidan verb, transitive verb
dress oneself in; equip oneself with
Fixed-pattern use in the form に身を固める, meaning to dress or equip oneself in clothing or gear for a particular purpose.
The climbers set out dressed in cold-weather gear.
ichidan verb, transitive verb
make a solemn vow; swear firmly
Formal or solemn use, often with 誓い or 約束, emphasizing that a vow or promise is made firm and resolute.
The two made their marriage vows before the shrine.
ichidan verb, transitive verb
tie tightly; fasten firmly
Rare or old-fashioned use for fastening something tightly; modern Japanese usually uses verbs such as 締める or 結ぶ for ordinary tying.
In older expression, 帯を固める means to fasten one's sash tightly.
ichidan verb, transitive verb
hold a bow fully drawn
Specialized archery-related use for keeping a bow fully drawn; not a common everyday meaning of 固める.
In archery explanations, 弓を固める refers to holding a bow fully drawn.
He clenched his fist in anger.
The team strengthened its defense in the second half.
He solidified his base of support in his hometown.
She firmed up her resolve to study abroad.
The company solidified its new organizational setup.
grappling technique; hold-down technique
ground leveling; groundwork · laying foundations
teething toy; teether; teething ring · tooth hardening meal; New Year's feast
securing votes; vote consolidation
groundwork; preparation; laying the foundation · leg strengthening; walking practice; footwork training · leg hold; leg lock · underfloor beam; floor joist connector
Onmyōdō body-strengthening spell
sake cup for sealing a bond; nuptial sake cup
groundwork; solidifying the fundamentals; training of the basics