堅
strict, hard, solid, tough, tight, reliable
Readings
On'yomi
- ケン
Kun'yomi
- かた.い
- -がた.い
Nanori
- きん
Meaning
堅 centers on firmness and unyielding strength: something physically hard or solid, a strict or tight situation, and a reliable person who is tough and steadfast.
Most common words using 堅
20 of 61- 中堅ちゅうけんN1
nucleus; backbone; mainstay; key figure
- 堅けん
strength; solidity; firmness
- 堅実けんじつN1
steady; sound; stable; safe (e.g. business); reliable; trustworthy; solid
- 堅苦しいかたくるしいN1
formal; stiff; strict; ceremonious
- 堅固けんご
solid; strong; firm
- 堅牢けんろう
solid; strong; sturdy; durable; stout
- 手堅いてがたい
sound; sure; safe; secure; trustworthy; reliable; solid
- 堅持けんじ
adhering to (a view, policy, etc.); sticking to; holding fast to; steadfastly maintaining
- 堅物かたぶつ
straight-laced person; stubborn person
- 堅調けんちょう
firm (market); bullish
- 堅気かたぎ
honest; respectable; decent
- 堅守けんしゅ
strong defense; strong defence
- 義理堅いぎりがたい
possessed of a strong sense of duty
- 底堅いそこがたい
stable (market) after having bottomed out
- 口が堅いくちがかたいN3
tight-lipped; able to keep a secret
- お堅いおかたい
prudish; strait-laced; boring; square
- 中堅企業ちゅうけんきぎょう
medium-sized enterprise (business, firm)
- 中堅手ちゅうけんしゅ
center fielder; centre fielder
- 口の堅いくちのかたい
tight-lipped; able to keep a secret
- 口堅いくちがたい
discreet; tight-lipped
Study
Etymology
堅 combines 臤 (a phonetic component with a sense of pulling tight or firm) and 土 (earth), suggesting earth that is packed hard and solid.
Meaning mnemonic
The top 臤 looks like a hand pulling something tight, and the bottom 土 is earth. Imagine pulling a rope tight around a block of hard-packed earth: the result is solid, strict, and reliable.
Reading mnemonic
For ケン, picture a solid, tough Ken doll made of hard plastic: Ken -> ケン, and he stands firm and reliable on the ground.