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堅苦しい (かたくるしい) Japanese meaning | Kotomora
JLPT N1 › Freq. Frequency Top 50,000 Conjugation 堅苦しい · i-adjective
Form Positive Negative Dictionary 堅かた 苦くる しい 堅かた 苦くる しくない Polite 堅かた 苦くる しいです 堅かた 苦くる しくないです also 堅かた 苦くる しくありません Past polite 堅かた 苦くる しかったです 堅かた 苦くる しくなかったです also 堅かた 苦くる しくありませんでした Past 堅かた 苦くる しかった 堅かた 苦くる しくなかった Te-form 堅かた 苦くる しくて 堅かた 苦くる しくなくて Adverbial 堅かた 苦くる しく Conditional 堅かた 苦くる しければ 堅かた 苦くる しくなければ Tara conditional 堅かた 苦くる しかったら 堅かた 苦くる しくなかったら
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His greetings are always stiff and formal.
This restaurant isn't stuffy, so you can go in casually.
Usage patterns 堅かた 苦くる しい 〈 物もの 〉 a stiff, overly formal ~ (greeting, atmosphere, speech, etc.)
I'm not good with overly formal greetings.
堅かた 苦くる しく 考かんが える to think about something too rigidly or formally
You don't have to be so rigid about it.
堅かた 苦くる しいのはやめて to drop the formality, to stop being so stiff
Please drop the formality and relax.
Related words 格式張る stresses strict adherence to formal ceremony and can be neutral or positive, while 堅苦しい carries a negative sense of uncomfortable stiffness.
窮屈 describes a cramped, restrictive feeling (physical or social), while 堅苦しい focuses specifically on excessive formality in manner or atmosphere.
厳格 describes strictness of rules or a person's character, whereas 堅苦しい describes a stiff, uneasy formality in tone or atmosphere.
堅苦しい describes an atmosphere or manner that feels stiff and formal, while 生真面目 describes a person's overly earnest, humorless personality.
Opposites 気楽 describes a relaxed, carefree attitude, the opposite of the stiff formality expressed by 堅苦しい.
堅苦しい describes someone stiff and overly formal, the opposite of the relaxed, unpretentious manner conveyed by 洒落.
Etymology Compound of 堅 (kata, 'hard, stiff') + 苦しい (kurushii, 'painful, difficult'). The combination yields the sense of something being so stiff and formal that it feels oppressive or uncomfortable.
固かた 苦くる しい
Usage 9%
search-only kanji form
Search-only kanji form; not a standard spelling.
かた 苦くる しい Usage 4%
search-only kanji form
Search-only kanji form; not a standard spelling.
かたくるしい Usage 2%
Kana spelling; used when the kanji is avoided or for clarity.
堅かた くるしい Usage 1%
search-only kanji form
Search-only kanji form; not a standard spelling.
