freedom of the press
Refers to the right of media organizations to report news without government censorship or interference.
The constitution guarantees freedom of the press.
Freedom of speech, a broader concept that includes individual expression, while 報道の自由 specifically concerns the press and media.
Compound of 報道 (ほうどう, 'news reporting') + の (possessive particle) + 自由 (じゆう, 'freedom').