Mencius (philosopher, 372-289 BCE)
Refers to the Chinese Confucian philosopher Mengzi. Often used in historical or philosophical contexts.
Mencius advocated the theory that human nature is fundamentally good.
Mencius (book, one of the Four Books)
Refers to the classic Confucian text, one of the Four Books (四書). Often studied in East Asian philosophy.
See also: 四書
The Four Books include the Analects, Mencius, Great Learning, and Doctrine of the Mean.