impact mitigation; reducing the effects
Used in policy, environmental, and technical contexts for lessening negative impacts.
We need to consider measures for environmental impact mitigation.
This plan includes a budget for impact mitigation.
緩和 means 'mitigation' or 'relaxation' in general; 影響緩和 specifically targets the reduction of impacts or effects.
影響 means 'influence' or 'effect'; 影響緩和 is the compound for mitigating that influence.
Compound of 影響 (influence, effect) and 緩和 (mitigation, relaxation). The exact historical derivation is uncertain, but the word follows standard Sino-Japanese compounding patterns.