Usage patterns
微生物が繁殖するfor microorganisms to multiply/proliferate
Microorganisms tend to multiply easily in damp places.
微生物を培養するto culture microorganisms
We cultured the microorganism in the lab.
微生物が〈物〉を分解するmicroorganisms break down/decompose something
Microorganisms decompose dead leaves and turn them into soil.
〈場所〉に微生物が生息するmicroorganisms live/inhabit a place
Many microorganisms also live in the deep sea.