Usage patterns
〈人〉が教師になるto become a teacher
She says she wants to become a teacher in the future.
教師として働くto work as a teacher
He has worked as a teacher at a high school for ten years.
教師を目指すto aim to become a teacher
She is studying education at university, aiming to become a teacher.
〈人〉に教わるto be taught by (a teacher)
I was taught Japanese by that teacher.