noun
Refers broadly to human civilization, including its material, social, and cultural aspects. Often used in historical, sociological, and everyday contexts.
古代文明の遺跡を訪ねるのが趣味です。
My hobby is visiting ruins of ancient civilizations.
文
The development of civilization has had a major impact on the environment.
noun
Bunmei era (1469–1487)
Historical Japanese era name. Used in historical texts and discussions of the Muromachi period.
文明年間に応仁の乱が終結した。
The Ōnin War ended during the Bunmei era.